植物分类学报

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

从胚胎发育和解剖结构讨论红豆杉科的系统位置

王伏雄, 陈祖铿, 胡玉熹   

  1. (中国科学院植物研究所)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1979-08-18 发布日期:1979-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 王伏雄

On the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological and anatomical studies

Wang Fu-Hsiung, Chen Zu-Keng, Hu Yu-Shi   

  1. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1979-08-18 Published:1979-08-18
  • Contact: Wang Fu-Hsiung

Abstract: Florin has suggested that the Taxaceae should be separated from the Coniferales to erect an order of its own. His basic argument is that the ovule of the taxads is terminal while the ovules of the conifers are lateral. Florin's idea was accepted by many taxonomists and some of them make an even higher taxon as Taxopsida.  The present paper deals with the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological and anatomical studies in comparison with those of other members of the Coniferales. The extant Taxaceae includes five genera, namely, Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Austro- taxus, Amentotaxus and Torreya. The mature pollen grains of Taxaceae contain two ceils (Torreya) or one cell only (Taxus, Pseudotaxus and Austrotaxus).  No prothailial cells are formed.  Two sperms are of unequal size.  The number of free nuclei formed in the female gametophyte is 256(-512).  The arehegonia vary from I to 25, with 2 to 8 as the usual range.  The proembryo of Torreya forms 4 or 8 free nuclei, while all other genera of the Taxaceae usually contain 16(-32).  Cleavage polyembryony is present in Torreya, but absent in other genera.  The proembryogeny belongs to the standard type of the Coniferales. The bark of the Taxaceae possesses erystalliferous fibers. No crystals are formed in parenehyma Rays are homogeneous and consist of ray parenchyma cells only. Growth rings of the wood in Taxaceae are distinct. Axial tracheids with bordered pits usually uniseriate, occasionally paired or biseriate, with spiral thickenings.  Wood parenchyma is present in Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus, but absent in Pseudotaxus, Taxus and Torreya.  Cross-field pits cupressoid.  Resin canals and ray tracheids are absent. Considering Taxaceae as a natural taxon each of the main embryological and anatomical characters is to be seen in other families of the Coniferales though the combination is unique, making it a distinct family.  Many differences between Taxa- ceae and other families of the Coniferales fall within the range of the variation in the conifers.  However, Pinaceae is a rather specialized  family  among the  Coniferales. Thus, the difference between Taxaceae and Pinaceae is quite striking.   Florin agreed with Wilde (1944) that some species of Podoca rpus with single ovule are derived from that with multiple ovulate cone and represent the last stage of reduction of the cone.  On the other hand, the taxads with their terminally borne ovule are considered as primitive.  It is obvious that Florin's explanation is hardly convincing.  Many authors such as Chamberlain (1935), Takhtajan (1953) and others pointed out that single ovulate cone of the Taxaceae was very probably derived from the one with multiple ovulate cone.  Recently  Keng  (1969)  considered  that  the Taxaceae is closely related to Cephalotaxaceae on one hand and connected with the Podocarpaeeae by way of Phyllocladus on the other hand.  It is concluded that Florin's suggestion is not supported by our investigations based upon the embryological and anatomical features ef the Taxaceae by comparing them to those of other families of the Coniferales.  The systematic position of the Taxaceae should be placed under theConiferales.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.
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