Abstract: This paper consists of a part of pertinent data obtained through a critical study of Eriocaulaceae from China. Included in it are three new series: Leiantha, Robustiora and Mangshanensia; seven new species: Eriocaulon acutibracteatum, E. angustulum, E. bilobatum, E. leianthum, E. sclerophyllum, E. glabri-petalum  and E. mangshanense;  five new varieties: E. rockianum var. latifolium, E. merrillii var. longibracteatum, E. sikokianum var. Linanense, E. alpestre  var. sichanense and E. nantoense  var. micropetalum; two new combinations: E. yaoshanense var. brevicalyx; E. nantoense var. parviceps; three new records in China: E. brownianum, E.brownianum var.nilagirense, E. zollingerianum; five: E. henryanum, E.pullum, E. yaoshanense, E. taishanense and E.faberi. In addition, fifteen taxon names are newly re- duced  to  synonyms:  E. yunnanense=E. brownianum;  E. longifolium,  E. sexangulare var. longifolium, E. sinii, E. kwangtungense and E. willdinovianum = E. sexangulare; E. setaceum var. capillus-naiadis= E. setaceum; E. filifolium = E. yaoshanense; E. suishaense, E. merrillii var. suishaense=E.merrillii;  E. kengii=E.sikokianum;  E. whangii=E.buergerianum; E. nipponicum, E. decemflorum var. nipponicum= E. decemflorum and E. nantoense var.trisectum = E. nantoense var.parviceps.