Abstract: Numbers of species and genera，endemic genera，extant primitive genera，relationship and distribution patterns of presently living Chenopodiaceae(two subfamilies，12  tribes，and 118 genera)are analyzed and compared for eight distributional areas，namely  central Asia，Europe，the Mediterranean region，Africa，North America，South America， Australia and East Asia．   The Central Asia，where the number of genera and diversity of taxa are greater than in other areas，appears to be the center of distribution of extant Chenopodiaceae．North America and Australia are two secondary centers of distribution．   Eurasia has 11 tribes out of the 12，a total of 70 genera of extant chenopodiaceous  plants，and it contains the most  primitive genera of every tribe．  Archiatriplex of Atripliceae，Hablitzia of Hablitzeae，Corispermum of Corispermeae，Camphorosma of Camphorosmaea，Kalidium of Salicornieae，Polecnemum of Polycnemeae，Alexandra of Suaedeae，and Nanophyton of Salsoleae，are all found in Eurasia，The Beteae is an Eurasian endemic tribe，demonstrating the antiquity of the Chenopodiaceae flora of Eurasia．Hence，Eurasia is likely the place of origin of chenopodiaceous plants．   The presence of chenopodiaceous plants is correlated with an arid climate．During the Cretaceous Period，most places of the continent of Eurasia were occupied by the ancient precursor to the Mediterranean，the Tethys Sea．At that time the area of the Tethys Sea had a dry and warm climate．Therefore，primitive Chenopodiaceae were likely present on the beaches of this ancient land．This arid climatic condition resulted in differentiation of the tribes Chenopodieae，Atripliceae，Comphorosmeae，Salicornieae，etc．，the main primitive tribes of the subfamily Cyclolobeae. Then following continental drift and the Laurasian and Gondwanan disintegration, the Chenopodiaceae were brought to every continent to propagate and develop, and experience the vicissitudes of climates, forming the main characteristics and distribution patterns of recent continental floras. The tribes Atripliceae, Chenopodieae, Camphorosmeae, and Salicornieae of recent Chenopodiaceae in Eurasia,  North America,  South America,  southern Africa,  and Australia all became strongly differentiated. However, Australia and South America, have no genera of Spirolobeae except for a few maritime Suaeda species. The Salsoleae and Suaedeae have not arrived in Australia and South America, which indicates that the subfamily Spirolobeae developed in Eurasia after Australia separated from the ancient South America-Africa continent, and South America had left Africa. The endemic tribe of North America, the tribe Sarcobateae, has a origin different from the tribes Salsoleae and Suaedeae of the subfamily Spirolobeae. Sarcobateae flowers diverged into unisexuality and absence of bractlets.  Clearly they originated in North America after North America had left the Eurasian continent. North America and southern Africa have a few species of Salsola, but none of them have become very much differentiated or developed, so they must have arrived through overland migration across ancient continental connections. India has no southern African Chenopodiaceae floristic components except for a few maritime taxa, which shows that when the Indian subcontinent left Africa in the T