Abstract: Field observation on pollination in three populations of Paeonia suffruticosa sub-  sp. spontanea in southern Shanxi Province showed that five species of bees in two families  and four species of beetles were engaged in pollination. Examination on bodies of these in-  sects under SEM, and seed set produced by controlled insect-pollination indicated that the  bees, especially the species in the genus Andrena were main pollinators and the beetles ex-  cept those of small size were only fluctuating vectors. Flowers of this taxon are scented and  nonectariferous. Flowers attracted bees and beetles mainly by pollen. A study on seed-set in  the three populations revealed considerable variation within and among populations. The  plants were no apomict and autogamy, but geitonogamy sometimes could produce mature  seeds (x＝ 2.86 seeds per carpel). In the population with less flowers (less than 40 flowers),  natural seed-set (x＝3.88) was close to the seed-set produced by hand cross-pollination (x =  3.21), but in the population with more flowers(near 100 flowers) natural seed-set (x＝  2.48) was lower than that by hand cross-pollination (x = 3.21). The seed-set was low for  both natural and artificial cross-pollination with only about one forth of ovules developing into seeds.

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