Abstract: The history of the study on the woodsiodes is briefly surveyed in the paper. The family Woodsiaceae is recognized by the present author.  The relationships among the spe- cies and the probable evolution of the family are discussed based on author's cytological and comparative morphological studies, and are indicated by Wagner's method,  with numerical values as the indices.  Woodsiaceae may have originated from the common ancestor of modern Dicranopteris and Sticherus of Gleicheniaceae, and evolved from it into two main branches, i.e., Woodsia and Protowoodsia.  The origin of species through polyploid series are discussed, and W. andersonii, W. subcordata, W. alpina and Cheilanthopsis indosiosa considered as fertile al- lopolyploids; the probable way of speciation is also suggested for these species.