Abstract: Ten species of six genera of Liliaceae were cytotaxonomically investigated in this work.  Chromosomes of Paris polyphylla var. latifolia Wang et Tang, Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, Allium ovalifolia Hand.-Mazz. and a tetraploid race of Paris verticillata M.- Bieb. are reported for the first time.  The results are shown as follows. 1. Paris   P. verticillata M.-Bieb. is found to be a tetraploid, with karyotype formula 2n=20=12m+4st+4t (Plate 1, A, see Fig. 1, A for its idiogram), which belongs to Stebbins' (1971) karyotype classification 2B.  P. polyphylla var. latifolia Wang et Tang is a diploid with karyotype formula 2n=10+1B=6m+4t+1B (Plate 2, A, see Fig. 1, B for its idiogram), which belongs to 2A.  P. polyphylla var. polyphylla is also a diploid with karyotype formula 2n=10 =6m+4t (Plate 2, C, see Fig. 1, C for its idiogram), which belongs to 2A.  Their chromosome parameters are given in Table 1.  The difference in karyotype between the two varieties of P. polyphylla is only presence or absence of a B-chromosome, whereas the karyotypes of the two species mentioned above are distinctly different, not only in chromosome number, but also in morphology.  Based on the present work and those of Hara (1969) and Gu (1986), it is rather clear that there are two kinds of basic karyotypes in Paris, i. e. x=3m+1st+1t (st with arm ratio 3.5-4.0) and x=3m+2t.  These two basic karyotypes are closely correlated with geogra- phical distribution and external morphology.  The taxa with the former karyotype are distribu- ted in north temperate zone, expect P. bashanensis which occurs in the subtropics, but those with the latter are distributed in the tropics and subtropics (Fig. 2). And according to Hara's (1969) system, the taxa with x=3m+1st+1t belong to the sections Paris and Kinugawa (with only one species, P. japonica) and those with 2n=3m+2t belong to the section Euthyra, but in Li's (1984) system, the former belongs to the sections Paris and Kinugasa of the subgenus Paris, and the latter belongs to the 5 sections of the subgenus Daiswa and the section Axiparis of the subgenus Paris. 2. Cardiocrinum  Chromosome number of C. giganteum, from the Mt Taibai, the Qinling Range, is 2n=24 (Plate 2, E, see Fig. 3, A for its karyogram).  Kurosawa's (1960) report is different from ours in the sixth and the ninth chromosome pairs with secondary constrictions si- tuated in the long arms. Chauhan (1984) found that the karyotype (2n=24) of a population from Mawphlong Forest (1000 m alt.) in the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, has the eighth chromosome pair with secondary constrictions in the long arms.  Tang et al. (1984) gave a report on the karyotype of a population from the Mt Omei, which is different from the others in having not only much longer short arms of the eleventh pair but also secondary constrictions in the short arms of the first pair and in the long arms of the ninth pair. From the information so far avai- lable, 2 out of 3 species of the genus are karyologically relatively uniform, with two pairs of submedian chromosomes and ten pairs of subterminal ones.   3. Smilacina Chromosome number  of S. japonica A. Gray is 2n=36 (Plate 1, D). Its karyotype is shown in Fig. 3, G. S. henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang is also found to have 2n =36 (Plate 2, B). Its karyotype is shown in Fig. 3, B.  Both karyotypes are bimodal, with eight large and ten small pairs and the length ratio of the eighth pair and the ninth one being 1.81 in the former, but with the nine large pairs and the length ratio of the ninth pair and the tenth one being 1.42 in the latter.  The karyotype of S. japonica is more asymmetrical than the one of S. henryi.  Based on the reports by Mehra and Pathania (1960), Hara and Kuro- sawa (1963), Chuang et al. (1963) and the present paper, all the species studied in the genus are of a bimodal karyotype.  No any taxon with 2n=18 has so far been discovered, and there- for x=9 for the genus as considered by Darligton et Wylie (1955) is doubtful.   4.  Allium A. victorialis from the Mt Dahaituo, Chicheng, Hebei, is found to have 2n=32=22m+6sm+4st (Plate 1, E; Fig. 4, D) and A. ovalifolia Hand-Mazz. from the Mt Tai- bai, Qinling, 2n=16=12m+2sm+2st (Plate 1, B; Fig. 4, C). 2n=16 has been reported by Mehra and Sachdeva (1976) for A. victorialis, and thus two ploid levels exist in the species.  If the last pair of chromosomes is considered as the one with intercalary satellites, its karyotype is structu- rally similar to that of the tetraploid race of A. victorialis.   5.  Asparagus   A. schoberioides from the Mt Dahaituo, Chicheng, Heibei, is found to have 2n=20 (Plate 1, C, see Fig. 4, B for its karyotype) with size range 1.8-4.0 μm, and A. trichophyllus Bunge from the same locality also 2n=20 (Plate 1, F, see Fig. 4, A for its karyo- type), with size range 1.9-3.8 μm.   6.  Convallaria The karyotype of C. majalis is 2n=38=24m+12sm+2st (Plate 2, D, see Fig 3, D for its karyotype).  The material is from the Mt Taibai, Qinling.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. 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