Abstract: Pollen morphology of 91 samples, representing 23 species, 6 varieties and 1 form of the Schisandraceae, was examined under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Palynological data of 5 species, 4 varieties and 1 form are reported for the first time. The pollen grains are monads, heteropolar, radiosymmetric and oblate to peroblate in shape. Arrangement of their colpi is unique in angiosperms. The pollen grains can be divided into two types according to the number of their clopi: the tricolpate pollen type and the hexacolpate pollen type. The exine sculpturing is reticulate. The size of luminae and the breadth of muri are correlated with the floral morphology of the hisandraceae to a certain extent. Our results do not support the division of the pollen grains of the Schisandraceae into 4 types according to the size of inae as proposed by Praglowski. There is also still room of discussion about his conclusion that the pole where the three longer colpi converge is the distal pole. The evolutionary trends of the pollen grains of the Schisandraceae seem to be from fewer to more in the number of colpi, and from smaller to larger in the size of luminae. The view that Kadsura is more primitive than Schisnadra is not supported by palynological data; on the contrary, Kadsura seems to be more advanced than Schisandra at the general level of evolution. The two genera may be closely related, and might have originated from a common ancestor and then evolved parallelly along two different routes.