植物分类学报

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国蔷薇科绣线菊亚科的演化、分布——兼述世界绣线菊亚科植物的分布

陆玲娣   

  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1996-07-10 发布日期:1996-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 陆玲娣

The Evolution and Distribution of Subfam. Spiraeoideae (Rosaceae) of China, with Special Reference to Distribution of the Subfamily in the World

Lu Ling-ti   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1996-07-10 Published:1996-07-10
  • Contact: Lu Ling-ti

Abstract: The subfam. Spiraeoideae, consisting of 22 genera and  more than 260 species in the world,is  the  most  primitive  subfamily  of Rosaceae. It has developed into two groups,i.e. evergreen  and deciduous ones, of which eight  genera and 100 species in China are totally deciduous. In the present paper, the  origin,evolution  and  distribution  of  the Chinese  genera  is  discussed  mainly,  and the distribution of the  whole subfamily in the floristic regions of the world is also mentioned. Based  on  evolutionary  trends  of  morphological characters, Spiraea L. is considered as the  most  primitive genus in the deciduous group of subfam. Spiraeoideae, from which  some genera are been  derived, the systematic position and evolutionary relationships between  different genera are elucidated in this paper. Through the analysis on the geographical distribution  of the genera in China,  the areal types may be divided as follows: (1) North Temperate Type: Spiraea, Physocarpus, Aruncus. (2) East Asian and North American Disjunct Type: Sorbaria. (3) Mediterranean, West Asian (or Central Asia) and East  Asian  Type: Sibiraea. (4) Temperate Asian Type: Exochorda.(5) East Asian Type: (a) Sino Himalayan Distribution: Neillia; (b) Sino Japan Distribution: Stephanandra. After analysis of the distribution of subfam. Spiraeoideae  in  the world, it is shown that the Eastern Asiatic  Region,  being the  richest in genera,  species and endemic species of the world,is not only the center of distribution and  differentiation,but  also an important region for  occurrence  and  development  of  some  deciduous genera of this subfamily, while in North America, the  Madrean  Region and Rocky Mountain Region, genera, species and endemic species are abundant, which indicates that the western  part  of  North America is also the distribution center  of  this  subfamily  at  the present, but it may be the secondary center  of distribution. It can be seen that the relatively primitive and  evergreen  g enera, i.e. Quillaja and Kageneckia, are now confined to South America. The fact implies that the South America may be the region for early  differentiation  and  development  of  the evergreen  genera  in  Subfam. Spiraeoideae. The analysis of Chinese plants  has  shown  that China has the most members of the subfamily in Eastern Asiatic Region, with eight genera, 82  species  and  62  endemic  species and that the maximum concentration is in western  Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan  and  their adjacent areas. It is very obvious that the center of distribution and diversity of  Subfam. Spiraeoideae in China lies in the Hengduan Mountain Region of Sino Himalayan Forest Subkingdom  and  the  western part of  SinoJapan Forest Subkingdom, where may  be the birthplace of some genera in China. It  may  be  considered  that  the deciduous genera of  Subfam. Spiraeoideae  might  have  originated in Laurasia.According to the fossil records, the time of origin of Subfam.Spiraeoideae dates back to the Lower Cretaceous.
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